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Health officials in Louisiana urge caution for beachgoers during surge of infections from flesh-eating bacteria
Five people from Louisiana have died in 2026 from Vibrio vulnificus infections
BATON ROUGE, La. —
Health officials in Louisiana are urging beachgoers to take precautions during a summertime surge in infections from a flesh-eating bacteria found in coastal waters.
Related video above from 2025: Doctor answers questions about rare bacteria causing flesh-eating disease
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So far in 2026, there have been nine cases of the deadly Vibrio vulnificus bacteria, all of which involved people who had wounds exposed to seawater. The patients also had underlying health conditions.
All nine patients were hospitalized, and five died.
During the same period over the previous 10 years, Louisiana reported an average of seven cases and one death.
Vibrio bacteria are found naturally in warm coastal waters. The number of cases tends to increase from May to October, when water temperatures are warmer.
Infection can occur when an open wound is exposed to brackish or salt water or when a person eats raw or undercooked seafood, particularly oysters.
Vibrio infection can result in gastrointestinal illness, wound infection, or blood poisoning.
People with severe infections may require intensive care or limb amputation. About one in five people with Vibrio vulnificus infection die, sometimes within a day or two of becoming ill.
Seek medical care immediately if a wound exposed to brackish or salt water becomes red, swollen, painful, warm, or discolored. Tell the health care provider about the water exposure.
Signs of a bloodstream infection include fever, chills, dangerously low blood pressure, and blistering skin lesions.
The Gulf is an ideal environment
Vibrio bacteria thrive in seawater and in the brackish mix of fresh and saltwater found in estuaries and lagoons. Most infections are reported from May to October, and most happen in states along the Gulf Coast. Doctors say the Gulf is an ideal environment with the right amounts of salt and heat to let this organism proliferate.
The mostly deadly type is Vibrio vulnificus, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. As many as one in five of those infections are fatal, a much higher rate than other types of Vibrio bacteria.
Florida, which tends to have more infections than other states, has reported 14 Vibrio vulnificus cases and two deaths so far this year, compared with 33 cases and five deaths for all of last year. Records show more cases in years when Florida is hit by tropical storms and hurricanes.
Bacteria enters through breaks in the skin
Some people become infected by eating raw or undercooked shellfish — particularly oysters. But a large percentage fall ill when the person is in ocean or brackish water and the bacteria enter the body through small breaks in the skin.
Doctors say severe cases are seen more often in elderly patients, people with weakened immune systems, and those with liver disease, diabetes and certain chronic illnesses.
Scientists say climate change is helping the germs proliferate and spread northward. A 2023 study found that the northernmost case has been shifting by about 30 miles each year, and that cases overall have been rising.
Beachgoers can protect themselves
Vibrio vulnificus can enter the body through unhealed cuts and scrapes, recent piercings and tattoos, and recent surgical incisions. People should immediately wash cuts and scrapes thoroughly with soap and clean running water after coming in contact with coastal waters or raw seafood, the CDC said. They should see a doctor if they start to develop symptoms such as fever, chills, and hot red areas on the skin that start to turn dark and blister.
Oysters are a particular risk, and there is no way to tell if an oyster is contaminated just by looking at it. People should wash hands with soap and water after handling raw shellfish and wear protective gloves if they have a weakened immune system and are at a higher risk of infection.
Health officials also offer cooking instructions for clams, mussels and other shellfish. They recommend throwing away any with open shells before boiling or steaming.
